Occupation

Biochemists and Biophysicists

Human Advantage 73%

Significant human skills needed

AI Automation Risk Low Risk
2 / 10

This occupation requires complex human judgment, social interaction, and creative problem-solving that are difficult to automate.

Study the chemical composition or physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena. May conduct research to further understanding of the complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and vital processes of living organisms.

Also Known As: Analytical Research Chemist, Biochemist, Biochemistry Scientist, Biological Chemist, Biophysicist, Biophysics Researcher, Clinical Biochemist, Clinical Laboratory Scientist +12 more

Video

Core Tasks

  1. Share research findings by writing scientific articles or by making presentations at scientific conferences.
  2. Teach or advise undergraduate or graduate students or supervise their research.
  3. Study physical principles of living cells or organisms and their electrical or mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, or biology.
  4. Manage laboratory teams or monitor the quality of a team's work.
  5. Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.
  6. Write grant proposals to obtain funding for research.
  7. Design or perform experiments with equipment, such as lasers, accelerators, or mass spectrometers.
  8. Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.
  9. Design or build laboratory equipment needed for special research projects.
  10. Prepare reports or recommendations, based upon research outcomes.
  11. Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules, such as proteins, using x-rays or electron microscopes.
  12. Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing and digestion, or living energy changes, such as growth, aging, or death.
  13. Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer or other diseases.
  14. Research the chemical effects of substances, such as drugs, serums, hormones, or food, on tissues or vital processes.
  15. Research transformations of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.
  16. Develop or execute tests to detect diseases, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities.
  17. Develop or test new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution.
  18. Isolate, analyze, or synthesize vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, or enzymes and determine their effects on body functions.
  19. Examine the molecular or chemical aspects of immune system functioning.
  20. Research how characteristics of plants or animals are carried through successive generations.

Supplemental Tasks (4)

  1. Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.
  2. Develop methods to process, store, or use foods, drugs, or chemical compounds.
  3. Investigate the nature, composition, or expression of genes or research how genetic engineering can impact these processes.
  4. Produce pharmaceutically or industrially useful proteins, using recombinant DNA technology.

Emerging Tasks

New and evolving responsibilities for this role:

  • Analyze biochemical or biophysical data.

Education & Training

Job Zone 5 Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
Education: Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
Experience: Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
On-the-Job Training: Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.

Education Level Distribution

Percentage of workers in this occupation with each education level.

Post-Doctoral Training
40%
Bachelor's Degree
25%
Doctoral Degree
25%
First Professional Degree - awarded for completion of a program that: requires at least 2 years of college work before entrance into the program, includes a total of at least 6 academic years of work to complete, and provides all remaining academic requirements to begin practice in a profession.
10%

Technology & Tools

Hot Technologies

  • Adobe Photoshop
  • Extensible markup language XML
  • IBM SPSS Statistics
  • Linux
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Microsoft Visio
  • Microsoft Word
  • Perl
  • Python
  • SAP software
  • SAS
  • The MathWorks MATLAB

Software (73)

  • 3D graphics software
  • Accelrys Cerius2
  • Accelrys FELIX
  • Accelrys Insight II
  • Accelrys QAUNTA
  • Analysis and building software
  • Assisted model building with energy refinement AMBER
  • AutoQuant AutoDeblur
  • Basic Local Alignment Search Tool BLAST
  • Carrier-mediated transport software
  • Chang Bioscience ToolKit
  • ChemInnovation Software Chem 4-D
  • Chemistry at Harvard Molecular Mechanics CHARMm
  • Crystallography & NMR System (CNS)
  • Crystallography software
  • Dassault Systemes Abaqus
  • Docking and ligand binding software
  • ESRI What if?
  • Elsevier MDL ISIS/Draw
  • Email software
  • Expression DNA and protein sequence software
  • Fujitsu BioMedCache
  • Fujitsu MOPAC
  • GE Healthcare ImageQuant TL
  • GEPASI
  • Gaussian software
  • Genetics computer group GSG software
  • Golden Helix ChemTree
  • Golden Helix HelixTree
  • Graphics software
  • Hodgkin-Huxley Model software
  • Intelligent Imaging Innovations SlideBook
  • Internet browser software
  • ItemTracker
  • JustBio SeqPainter
  • Laboratory information management system LIMS
  • Macroscopic diffusion software
  • Minitab
  • Molecular Devices Corporation MetaFluor
  • Molecular Devices Corporation MetaMorph
  • Molecular Networks GmbH Biochemical Pathways
  • Molecular Simulations WebLab ViewerPro
  • Molecular simulation software
  • Multivariate statistical program MVSP software
  • PREMIER Biosoft Array Designer
  • Presentation software
  • Semichem AMPAC
  • Sequence database software
  • Shrodinger Jaguar
  • Statistical software
  • Structure prediction software
  • Tripos SYBYL
  • Video analysis software
  • Voltage-gated ion channels software
  • Wavefunction Spartan
  • Wavefunction Titan
  • Word processing software
  • Yet another scientific artificial reality application YASARA software

Tools & Equipment (170)

  • Amino acid analyzers
  • Analytical balances
  • Analytical ultracentrifuges
  • Argon lasers
  • Atomic force microscopes
  • Auto gamma counters
  • Autoclaves
  • Automated electrophoresis equipment
  • Automatic pipetters
  • Automatic x ray film developers
  • Balances
  • Basic vapor pressure osmometers
  • Beakers
  • Binocular light compound microscopes
  • Biofreezers
  • Biological safety hoods
  • Brewster angle microscopes
  • Capillary electrophoresis equipment
  • Carbon dioxide CO2 incubators
  • Cell sorters
  • Charge-coupled device CCD cameras
  • Chemical fume hoods
  • Chemistry analyzers
  • Circular dichroism spectroscopes
  • Circulating water cooling systems
  • Computerized axial tomography CAT scan equipment
  • Confocal microscopes
  • Continuous flow centrifuges
  • Cryocut microtomes
  • Cryogenic freezers
  • Cryomicroscopes
  • Cryostat tissue microtomes
  • Cryotransmission electron microscopes
  • Cytospin centrifuges
  • Darkroom equipment
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA sequencers
  • Desktop computers
  • Dichroic beamsplitters
  • Differential scanning calorimeters
  • Dual wavelength spectroscopes
  • Electroencephalography EEG equipment
  • Electron microscopes
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance EPR spectrometers
  • Electron spin resonance spectroscopes
  • Electrophoresis power supplies
  • Erlenmeyer flasks
  • Fermenters
  • Filtering funnels
  • Flame ionization detectors FID
  • Flexi-dry lyophilizers
  • Flow cytometers
  • Fluorescence spectroscopes
  • Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectroscopes
  • Freeze dryers
  • Funnels
  • Gamma ray irradiators
  • Gas chromatographs GC
  • Gel boxes
  • Glassware adaptors
  • Glassware condensers
  • Graduated cylinders
  • Growth chambers
  • Heat blocks
  • Heat incubators
  • Heating mantles
  • Hemoglobin analyzers
  • High-pressure high-temperature reactors
  • High-pressure liquid chromatographs
  • Homogenizers
  • Hot plates
  • Incubators
  • Inverted microscopes
  • Ionometers
  • Isothermal titration calorimeters ITC
  • Krypton lasers
  • Laboratory convection ovens
  • Laboratory vacuum pumps
  • Laminar flow hoods
  • Langmuir balances
  • Large upright microscopes
  • Laser Doppler zeta potential analyzers
  • Laser induced temperature jump nanosecond relaxation spectrometer systems
  • Laser particle sizers
  • Laser printers
  • Laser tweezers
  • Lasers
  • Light scattering devices
  • Linear accelerators
  • Liquid handling robots
  • Liquid nuclear magnetic resonance NMR equipment
  • Magnetic piconewton-force transducers
  • Magnetic tweezers
  • Mainframe computers
  • Mass spectrometers
  • Medical magnetic resonance imaging MRI equipment
  • Medical magnetic resonance imaging MRI microscopes
  • Megafuge centrifuges
  • Mettler balances
  • Microcalorimeters
  • Microcentrifuges
  • Microdosimeters
  • Microinjectors
  • Microphysiometers
  • Microplate readers
  • Microscope slides
  • Microsusceptometers
  • Mossbauer spectroscopes
  • Multi-angle elastic-light scattering systems
  • Multichannel detectors
  • Nanoscopes
  • Near-field light microscopes
  • Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Nd:YAG lasers
  • Notebook computers
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopes
  • Optical tweezers
  • Orbital shakers
  • Pasteur pipettes
  • Peptide synthesizers
  • Personal computers
  • Phosphorimager video cameras
  • Phosphorimagers
  • Pipettes
  • Plotters
  • Positron emission tomography PET scanners
  • Power amplifiers
  • Protein sequencers
  • Raman difference spectrometers
  • Refrigerated centrifuges
  • Rheometers
  • Rotating anode X ray generators
  • Sample concentrators
  • Sapphire lasers
  • Sartorius balances
  • Scanners
  • Scanning electron microscopes SEM
  • Scanning laser microscopes
  • Scintillation counters
  • Shaking incubators
  • Shaking waterbaths
  • Signal generators
  • Solid state diode lasers
  • Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance NMR equipment
  • Sonicators
  • Specific gravity balances
  • Spectrofluorimeters
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Spectropolarimeters
  • Stopped-flow spectrophotometers
  • Synchrotrons
  • Tabletop centrifuges
  • Test tubes
  • Thermal imagers
  • Top-loading electronic balances
  • Transillumination microscopes
  • Transmission electron microscopes TEM
  • Ultracentrifuges
  • Ultramicrotomes
  • Ultrasonic cleaners
  • Ultraviolet UV spectroscopes
  • Ultraviolet UV transilluminators
  • Vacuum freezers
  • Vibratome tissue sectioning systems
  • Video enhanced differential interference contrast microscopes
  • Video positioning equipment
  • Viscometers
  • Water baths
  • Water purification units
  • X ray crystallography equipment
  • X ray microscopes
  • pH meters

Where This Career Leads

Career progression organized by specialty track and experience level.

Engineering Advanced Manufacturing

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